Citing Your Sources


Citing the sources that you use for research is part of ethical Internet use and academic integrity.   The sources that you use for ideas and information must be cited as well as the actual quotes that you use from the sources.  If your sources are not cited, it is plagiarism or stealing another person's work. This is also a copyright violation.  These guidelines are to help you easily cite your sources correctly!

There are three main methods of citing your sources: the MLA, the APA, and the AMA.  The MLA is the Modern Language Association style and is the most commonly used style in literature, arts, and social studies classes.  The APA is the American Psychological Association style and it is most commonly used in psychology, education, social sciences and graduate school.  The AMA is the American Medical Association style and is used for medicine, health, and biological sciences. The styles are all similar but there are some critical differences.   Use the MLA style unless your teacher specifies otherwise.

Some sites on the Internet will also help you cite your sources.  One of the best is the OWL Writing Lab at Purdue University, which contains the MLA and APA guidelines as well as specifics about how to write a paper, including instructions for using quotations and footnotes. 

Link to Purdue University's OWL MLA Formatting and Style Guide

Link to Purdue University's OWL APA Formatting and Style Guide

Link to Purdue University's OWL Online Writing Lab

General Guidelines for Citing Sources:

1.  All sources that you use for research should be cited including sources where you obtain ideas and information, sources that you quote directly, and sources that you paraphrase or write in your own words.  When in doubt, always give credit to the original creator.

2. Cite your sources on a page or slide titled Works Cited or Bibliography.  If you copy pictures or graphics or include music, you should also copy and paste the web site or list the sources on the slide or page that contains the picture, graphic, or music,

3.  All sources should be cited including:  Internet sites, databases, books, magazines, newspapers, news broadcasts, TV or radio shows, a movie or video recording, a song or a musical performance, a map or chart, a cartoon, an advertisement, a lecture or speech, and a personal interview.

4. List your sources alphabetically according to the author's last name.  If there is no author, use the first word of the title excluding a, an or the.

5. Follow the citation guidelines using all of the information that you have for the source. Since each source is different, you will be making many choices.  Use your best judgement!

Citation Examples:

Book with one author:   Golding, William.  The Lord of the Flies.  New York: Penguin Putnam, 1954.

Author:                         William Golding
Title:                             Lord of the Flies
Place of Publication:      New York
Publishing Company:     Penguin Putnam
Date of Publication:       1954

Internet Site:  Climate Change.  19 Nov. 2007.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  27 Nov. 2007. <http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/>.

Author:                                                  None
Title of Web Page/Article:                     Climate Change
Date site created/updated:                     19 Nov. 27
Sponsoring Agency/Company:              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Date I accesssed site:                            27 Nov. 2007
URL address:                                        <http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/>.

Database Article:   

Gelbspan, Ross. "Global Warming Is a Serious Environmental Threat." Opposing Viewpoints: The Environment. Ed. William Dudley. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2001. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thomson Gale. PRINCETON H S. 27 Nov. 2007 <http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/infomark.do?&contentSet=GSRC&type=retrieve&tabID=T010&prodId=OVRC&docId=EJ3010132215&source=gale&srcprod=OVRC&userGroupName=tlc109114118&version=1.0>.

Author:                                                    Ross Gelbspan
Title of web article:                                  "Global Warming is a Serious Environmental Threat."
Printed Publication Information:                 Opposing Viewpoints: The Environment.  Ed. William Dudley. San Diego: Grennhaven Press, 2001.
Online Database Information:                    Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thomson Gale.
Name of Library I accessed Database:      Princeton High School
Date I accessed:                                         27 Nov. 2007
URL Address:  http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/infomark.do?&contentSet=GSRC&type+retrieve&tabID=T010&prodId=OVRC&docId+EJ3010132215&source=gale&srcprod
=OVRC&userGroupName=tlc109114118&version=1.0

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